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Nepal has more than 50% of people engaged in agriculture. Food grains contributed 76 percent of total crop production in 1988–89. In 1989-90 despite poor weather conditions and a lack of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilizer, there was a production increase of 5 percent.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is major responsible organization for agricultural development in Nepal. This consists of five divisions, two centers, one research and development council, four departments, four projects and autonomous bodies of one research council (Nepal Agriculture Research Council), four corporations and a few development committees and boards.
Production (and consumption) of agricultural plant commodities has a diverse geographical distribution. Along with climate and corresponding types of vegetation, the economy of a nation also influences the level of agricultural production.
The economy of Nepal is a developing category and is largely dependent on agriculture and remittances. [6] Until the mid-20th century Nepal was an isolated pre-industrial society, which entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications , electric power, industry, or civil service.
The Terai is the most productive region in Nepal with the majority of the country's industries. Agriculture is the basis of the economy. [62] Major crops include rice, wheat, maize, potato, peas, lentil, mustard, sugar cane, ginger, turmeric, cardamom, garlic and chili. Fruits comprise mango, lychee, guava, papaya, banana and jackfruit. [63]
It is grown as a minor crop in most of these areas, with the exception of the Deccan plateau in India where it is grown as a major food source. [6] It is a very hardy crop that is drought tolerant and can survive on marginal soils where other crops may not survive, and can supply 450–900 kg of grain per hectare. [7]
The Nepal Farmers Association is the most peasant's wing of Nepali Congress established in 1951. [1] The association was formed by first people's elected prime minister BP Koirala in 1951. The association aims to ensure peasant rights and develop the agriculture sector.
The flora of Nepal is one of the richest in the world due to the diverse climate, topology and geography of the country. Research undertaken in the late 1970s and early 1980s documented 5067 species of which 5041 were angiosperms and the remaining 26 species were gymnosperms . [ 1 ]