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This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium.
Molten cryolite is used as a solvent for aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) in the Hall–Héroult process, used in the refining of aluminium. It decreases the melting point of aluminium oxide from 2000–2500 °C to 900–1000 °C, and increases its conductivity [ 18 ] thus making the extraction of aluminium more economical.
The majority of aluminium fluoride is produced by treating alumina with hydrogen fluoride at 700 °C: [4] Hexafluorosilicic acid may also be used make aluminium fluoride. [11] H 2 [SiF 6] + Al 2 O 3 + 3 H 2 O → 2 AlF 3 + SiO 2 + 4 H 2 O. Alternatively, it is manufactured by thermal decomposition of ammonium hexafluoroaluminate. [12]
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate is an inorganic compound with formula Na 3 Al F 6. This white solid, discovered in 1799 by Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740–1801), [4] [5] occurs naturally as the mineral cryolite and is used extensively in the industrial production of aluminium. The compound is the sodium (Na +) salt of the hexafluoroaluminate (AlF ...
Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical that is used as an effective source of aluminium hydroxide for many industrial and technical applications. Pure sodium aluminate ( anhydrous ) is a white crystalline solid having a formula variously given as NaAlO 2 , NaAl(OH) 4 ( hydrated ), [ 3 ] Na 2 O·Al 2 O 3 , or Na 2 Al 2 O 4 .
Aluminium arsenate – AlAsO 4 [6] Aluminium arsenide – AlAs [7] [8] Aluminium diboride – AlB 2 [9] [10] Aluminium bromide – AlBr 3 [11] Aluminium carbide – Al 4 C 3 [12] Aluminium iodide – AlI 3 [13] Aluminium nitride – AlN [14] Aluminium oxide – Al 2 O 3 [15] Aluminium phosphide – AlP [16] Aluminium chloride – AlCl 3 [17 ...
Sodium fluorosilicate is used in some countries as additives for water fluoridation, opal glass raw material, ore refining, or other fluoride chemical (like sodium fluoride, magnesium silicofluoride, cryolite, aluminum fluoride) production. [5] It also is an ingredient in some ceramic cements.
Pure cryolite has a melting point of 1009 ± 1 °C (1848°F). With a small percentage of alumina dissolved in it, its melting point drops to about 1000 °C (1832°F). Besides having a relatively low melting point, cryolite is used as an electrolyte because, among other things, it also dissolves alumina well, conducts electricity, dissociates electrolytically at higher voltage than alumina, and ...