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The leader–member exchange (LMX) theory is a relationship-based approach to leadership that focuses on the two-way relationship between leaders and followers. [1]The latest version (2016) of leader–member exchange theory of leadership development explains the growth of vertical dyadic workplace influence and team performance in terms of selection and self-selection of informal ...
The Fiedler contingency model argues that three situational components can determine whether task-oriented or relationship-oriented leadership is the better fit for the situation: Leader-Member Relations, referring to the degree of mutual trust, respect and confidence between the leader and the subordinates.
The Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory is a theory that deals with the individual dyadic relationships formed between leaders and their subordinates. [1] It is also widely known as The Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory. [2] Originally, the theory has been developed by Fred Dansereau, George Graen and William J. Haga, in 1975. [3]
A high LPC score suggests that the leader has a "human relations orientation", while a low LPC score indicates a "task orientation". Fiedler assumes that everybody's least preferred coworker in fact is on average about equally unpleasant, but people who are relationship-motivated tend to describe their least preferred coworkers in a more positive manner, e.g., more pleasant and more efficient.
According to Fiedler, there is no ideal leader. Both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leaders can be effective if their leadership orientation fits the situation. When there is a good leader-member relation, a highly structured task, and high leader position power, the situation is considered a "favorable situation".
Leader-member relationship – high if the leader is generally accepted and respected by followers; Degree of task structure – high if the task is very structured; Leader's position power – high if a great deal of authority and power are formally attributed to the leader's position
[10] [5] Leaders are high on initiating structure to clarify their own roles and their subordinates’ roles in obtaining a goal. [9] Kerr and colleagues noticed many studies had found significant moderators that played a part in the relationship between initiating structure leader behavior and subordinate outcomes. For example, when a task was ...
John Adair's Action Centred Leadership Model. Functional leadership theory (Hackman & Walton, 1986; McGrath, 1962) is a theory for addressing specific leader behaviors expected to contribute to organizational or unit effectiveness. This theory argues that the leader's main job is to see that whatever is necessary to group needs is taken care of ...