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Beta blockers are indicated for the treatment of acute myocardial infarctions. During a myocardial infarction, systemic stress causes an increase in circulating catecholamines. [22] [23] This results an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, therefore increasing myocardial oxygen demand.
The International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) were four randomized controlled trials of several drugs for treating suspected acute myocardial infarction ("heart attack"). More than 134,000 patients from over 20 countries took part in four large simple trials between 1981 and 1993, coordinated from Oxford, England. [1] [2]
ATC code C07 Beta blocking agents is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup C07 is part of the anatomical group C Cardiovascular system. [4]
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Since beta 1 receptor are mainly located in the heart, most beta 1 blockers take abnormalities associated with the heart as the target. [5] It treats medical conditions like hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, chest pain, myocardial infarction.
Class Ib drugs shorten the action potential of myocardial cell and has a weak effect on the initiation of phase 0 of depolarization Treat and prevent ventricular arrhythmia during and immediately after myocardial infarction, though this is now discouraged given the increased risk of asystole; Ic Encainide; Flecainide; Moricizine; Propafenone
Metoprolol is used for a number of conditions, including angina, acute myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and prevention of migraine headaches. [4] It is an adjunct in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. [17]
Esmolol, sold under the brand name Brevibloc, is a cardio selective beta 1 receptor blocker with rapid onset, [3] a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilising activity at therapeutic dosages. It is a class II antiarrhythmic. [4]
At least 10% of patients with STEMI do not develop myocardial necrosis (as evidenced by a rise in cardiac markers) and subsequent Q waves on EKG after reperfusion therapy. Such a successful restoration of flow to the infarct-related artery during an acute myocardial infarction is known as "aborting" the myocardial infarction.