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Throughput in business is the rate at which a product is moved through a production process and onward to being consumed by an end-user, usually measured in the form of sales or usage statistics. The goal of most organizations is to minimize the investment in inputs as well as operating expenses while increasing throughput of its production ...
Only costs that vary totally with units of output (see the definition of TVC below) e.g. raw materials, are allocated to products and services. These costs are deducted from sales to determine Throughput. [4] Throughput Accounting is a management accounting technique used as the performance measure in the Theory of Constraints (TOC). [5]
Revenue is earned when goods are delivered or services are rendered. [1] The term sales in a marketing, advertising or a general business context often refers to a free in which a buyer has agreed to purchase some products at a set time in the future. From an accounting standpoint, sales do not occur until the product is delivered.
In Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis, where it simplifies calculation of net income and, especially, break-even analysis.. Given the contribution margin, a manager can easily compute breakeven and target income sales, and make better decisions about whether to add or subtract a product line, about how to price a product or service, and about how to structure sales commissions or bonuses.
The method used for determining revenue of a long-term contract can be complex. Usually two methods are employed to calculate the percentage of completion: (i) by calculating the percentage of accumulated cost incurred to the total budgeted cost; (ii) by determining the percentage of deliverable completed as a percentage of total deliverable.
Cost of goods sold (COGS) (also cost of products sold (COPS), or cost of sales [1]) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.. Costs are associated with particular goods using one of the several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost.
Sales variance is the difference between actual sales and budgeted sales. [1] It is used to measure the performance of a sales function, ...
Following a matching principle of matching a portion of sales against variable costs, one can decompose sales as contribution plus variable costs, where contribution is "what's left after deducting variable costs". One can think of contribution as "the marginal contribution of a unit to the profit", or "contribution towards offsetting fixed costs".