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The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) assesses peripheral vascular disease. [1] It may however be unreliable in patients with calcified arteries in the calf (often diabetic patients) or those with extensive oedema, in which case toe pressure or Toe-brachial pressure index (TBPI) should be measured to aid in the diagnosis.
Medical calculators arose because modern medicine makes frequent use of scores and indices that put physicians' memory and calculation skills to the test. [2] The advent of personal computers, the Internet and Web, and more recently personal digital assistants (PDAs) have formed an environment conducive to their development, spread and use.
Ankle-brachial pressure index, a measure of the fall in blood pressure in the arteries supplying the legs; Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, the trade association for companies in the UK producing prescription medicines
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"Measurement of ankle blood pressures in a seated position will grossly overestimate the ABI (by approximately 0.3)." If the factor of "overstatement" is less than one, the value is being understated, not overstated. Could it be that what's meant is that the overestimate will be on the order of 30 percent--i.e., 1.3 times what it should be?
Evidence supports the rules as an accurate instrument for excluding fractures of the ankle and mid-foot, reducing the number of unnecessary investigations and length of stay in emergency departments. [3] The original study reported that the test was 100% sensitive and reduced the number of ankle X-rays by 36%. [4]
The intermembral index is a ratio used to compare limb proportions, expressed as a percentage. [1] It is equal to the length of forelimbs ( humerus plus radius ) divided by the length of the hind limbs ( femur plus tibia ) multiplied by 100, [ 2 ] otherwise written mathematically as: