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Common side effects include headache, low blood pressure, nausea, and constipation. [9] Other side effects include allergic reactions and muscle pains. [12] It is not recommended in people with a slow heart rate or heart failure. [12] It is believed to cause problems for the fetus if used during pregnancy. [2]
Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure mainly by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessel walls. [3]
Structural formula of diltiazem. Benzothiazepine calcium channel blockers belong to the benzothiazepine class of compounds and are an intermediate class between phenylalkylamine and dihydropyridines in their selectivity for vascular calcium channels. By having both cardiac depressant and vasodilator actions, benzothiazepines are able to reduce ...
Diltiazem has negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. This means diltiazem causes a decrease in heart muscle contractility – how strong the beat is, lowering of heart rate – due to slowing of the sinoatrial node , and a slowing of conduction through the atrioventricular node – increasing the time needed for each beat.
Most people who have taken too much of a calcium channel blocker, especially diltiazem, get slow heart rate and low blood pressure (vasodilatory shock). [1] This can progress to the heart stopping altogether. [2] CCBs of the dihydropyridine group, as well as flunarizine, predominantly cause reflex tachycardia as a reaction to the low blood ...
They act by blocking the effects of catecholamines at the β 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby decreasing sympathetic activity on the heart, which reduces intracellular cAMP levels and hence reduces Ca 2+ influx. These agents are particularly useful in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias. They decrease conduction through the AV node.
Cardiovascular agents generally have narrow therapeutic indices, implying that small differences in dose or blood concentration may give rise to adverse drug reactions. [45] Serious acute toxicity may result from accidental, intentional or iatrogenic overdose. [46] Therefore, patients need to be aware of any unusual and serious side effects.
Dantrolene may interact with the following drugs: [15] Calcium channel blockers of the diltiazem/verapamil type: Intravenous treatment with dantrolene and concomitant calcium channel blocker treatment may lead to severe cardiovascular collapse, abnormal heart rhythms, myocardial depressions, and high blood potassium.
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