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  2. (α/Fe) versus (Fe/H) diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(α/Fe)_versus_(Fe/H)_diagram

    The diagram shows the iron abundance, [Fe/H], on the x-axis and the abundance of alpha process elements, [α/Fe], on the y-axis. The data from Wallerstein (1962) is shown as red circles on top of the 2020 public data from the large scale stellar spectroscopic surveys APOGEE (DR16) and GALAH (DR3).

  3. Nuclear astrophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_astrophysics

    The release of nuclear binding energy is what allows stars to shine for up to billions of years, and may disrupt stars in stellar explosions in case of violent reactions (such as 12 C+ 12 C fusion for thermonuclear supernova explosions). As matter is processed as such within stars and stellar explosions, some of the products are ejected from ...

  4. Quadrupole formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole_formula

    After a long history of debate on its physical correctness, observations of energy loss due to gravitational radiation in the Hulse–Taylor binary discovered in 1974 confirmed the result, with agreement up to 0.2 percent (by 2005). [2]

  5. CNO cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle

    The positrons will almost instantly annihilate with electrons, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays. The neutrinos escape from the star carrying away some energy. [2] One nucleus goes on to become carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes through a number of transformations in a repeating cycle. Overview of the CNO-I Cycle

  6. Reionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reionization

    As a consequence, Population III stars are currently considered the most likely energy source to initiate the reionization of the universe, [60] though other sources are likely to have taken over and driven reionization to completion. In June 2015, astronomers reported evidence for Population III stars in the Cosmos Redshift 7 galaxy at z = 6.60.

  7. Stellar structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_structure

    For energy transport refer to Radiative transfer.. The different transport mechanisms of high-mass, intermediate-mass and low-mass stars. Different layers of the stars transport heat up and outwards in different ways, primarily convection and radiative transfer, but thermal conduction is important in white dwarfs.

  8. Spectral energy distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_Energy_Distribution

    The SED of M51 (upper right) obtained by combining data at many different wavelengths, e.g. UV, visible, and infrared (left). A spectral energy distribution (SED) is a plot of energy versus frequency or wavelength of light (not to be confused with a 'spectrum' of flux density vs frequency or wavelength). [1]

  9. Matter power spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_power_spectrum

    Let () represent the matter overdensity, a dimensionless quantity defined as: = ¯ ¯, where ¯ is the average matter density over all space.. The power spectrum is most commonly understood as the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function, , mathematically defined as: = (′) = (), for = ′.