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Irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes build on top of the ideas of RA codes. IRA replaces the outer code in RA code with a low density generator matrix code. [1] IRA codes first repeats information bits different times, and then accumulates subsets of these repeated bits to generate parity bits.
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In coding theory, the repetition code is one of the most basic linear error-correcting codes. In order to transmit a message over a noisy channel that may corrupt the transmission in a few places, the idea of the repetition code is to just repeat the message several times. The hope is that the channel corrupts only a minority of these repetitions.
Many of these films, particularly those with a high number of positive reviews, have achieved wide critical acclaim and are often considered among the best films ever made. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A number of these films also appear on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies lists, but there are many others and several entries with dozens of positive ...
The following is a list of R-rated animated films that have surpassed $1 million at the box office; TV-MA-rated, the television equivalent of the Motion Picture Association R-rating, is also included on the list. 2016 is the most frequent year with two films, and over two-thirds were released after the year 2000.
In array languages, operations are generalized to apply to both scalars and arrays. Thus, a+b expresses the sum of two scalars if a and b are scalars, or the sum of two arrays if they are arrays. An array language simplifies programming but possibly at a cost known as the abstraction penalty.
SMPTE timecode signal (A logic value 1 is expressed by a transition at the midpoint of a period. A logic value 0 is expressed by the absence of such a transition.) compared to the outwardly-similar Manchester code (A logic value 0 is expressed by a high-to-low transition, a logic value 1 by low-to-high transition at the midpoint of a period).
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...