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Adenoid hypertrophy is an immunological abnormality characterized by altered cytokine production, with children experiencing higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Adenoid hypertrophy can also be caused by gastric juice exposure during gastroesophageal reflux disease , passive smoking, and recurrent bacterial and viral infections.
In anatomy, the pharyngeal tonsil, also known as the nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoid, is the superior-most of the tonsils. It is a mass of lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity , in the roof and the posterior wall of the nasopharynx , [ 1 ] where the nose blends into the throat .
Adenoiditis is the inflammation of the adenoid tissue usually caused by an infection. Adenoiditis is treated using medication (antibiotics and/or steroids) or surgical intervention. Adenoiditis may produce cold-like symptoms. However, adenoiditis symptoms often persist for ten or more days, and often include pus-like discharge from nose.
Adenoidectomy might have helped to resolve ear fluid problems, speech delays, and consequent perceptions of low intelligence. The relationship between enuresis and obstructive apnea, and the benefit of adenoidectomy by implication, is complex and controversial. On one hand, the frequency of enuresis declines as children grow older.
However, they are largest relative to the diameter of the throat in young children. In adults, each palatine tonsil normally measures up to 2.5 cm in length, 2.0 cm in width and 1.2 cm in thickness. [5] The adenoid grows until the age of 5, starts to shrink at the age of 7 and becomes small in adulthood. [medical citation needed]
Common, all ages, [8] typically children under 5 years [2] Adenovirus infection is a contagious viral disease , caused by adenoviruses , commonly resulting in a respiratory tract infection . [ 1 ] [ 9 ] Typical symptoms range from those of a common cold , such as nasal congestion , rhinitis , and cough , to difficulty breathing as in pneumonia ...
In children, tongue thrusting is common due to immature oral behavior, narrow dental arch, prolonged upper respiratory tract infections, spaces between the teeth (diastema), muscle weakness, malocclusion, abnormal sucking habits, and open mouth posture due to structural abnormalities of genetic origin.
This is a rare disease that usually affects children. Progressive throat and neck pain and neck stiffness can be followed by neurologic symptoms such as pain or numbness radiating to arms (radiculopathies). In extreme cases, the condition can lead to quadriplegia and even death from acute respiratory failure.
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