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Spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy or SPEELS is a technique mainly used to measure the dispersion relation of the collective excitations, over the whole Brillouin zone. Spin waves are collective perturbations in a magnetic solid. Their properties depend on their wavelength (or wave vector).
It was made by etching some material away to make a porous structure with a large surface area. As an electron emission point on an individual spike wears out, another is available to replace it, making the array more durable. [1] [2] A field emitter array (FEA) is a particular form of large-area field electron source. FEAs are prepared on a ...
A painting featuring the PEPICO endstation at the Swiss Light Source.. Brehm and von Puttkammer published the first PEPICO study on methane in 1967. [2] In the early works, a fixed energy light source was used, and the electron detection was carried out using retarding grids or hemispherical analyzers: the mass spectra were recorded as a function of electron energy.
Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) (also known as electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism) is the EELS [1] equivalent of XMCD. The effect was first proposed in 2003 [ 2 ] and experimentally confirmed in 2006 [ 3 ] by the group of Prof. Peter Schattschneider at the Vienna University of Technology .
HERA's longitudinally polarised electron beam was used to explore the spin structure of nucleons. For this purpose, the electrons were scattered at energies of 27.5 GeV at an internal gas target. This target and the detector itself were designed especially with a view to spin-polarised physics.
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In the presence of an electric field, e.g., the electromagnetic field around an electron, these particle–antiparticle pairs reposition themselves, thus partially counteracting the field (a partial screening effect, a dielectric effect). The field therefore will be weaker than would be expected if the vacuum were completely empty.
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