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Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. [14] It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders ), trouble sleeping , severe agitation , active seizures including status epilepticus , alcohol withdrawal , and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting . [ 14 ]
Lorazepam is preferred to other benzodiazepines and zolpidem due to its longer duration of action. [4] An initial therapeutic effect typically occurs within 10–30 minutes of IV administration lorazepam at doses between 2–4 mg. [5] [4] Higher doses may be used in patients who are unresponsive, to minimise the chance of a false negative ...
Although benzodiazepines can put people to sleep, while asleep, the drugs disrupt sleep architecture, decreasing sleep time, delayed and decreased REM sleep, increased alpha and beta activity, decreased K complexes and delta activity, and decreased deep slow-wave sleep (i.e., NREM stages 3 and 4, the most restorative part of sleep for both ...
Midazolam is the most commonly prescribed for this use because of its strong sedative actions and fast recovery time, as well as its water solubility, which reduces pain upon injection. Diazepam and lorazepam are sometimes used. Lorazepam has particularly marked amnesic properties that may make it more effective when amnesia is the desired effect.
A few drugs such as alcohol are absorbed by the lining of the stomach, and therefore tend to take effect much more quickly than the vast majority of oral medications which are absorbed in the small intestine. Gastric emptying time can vary from 0 to 3 hours, [2] and therefore plays a major role in onset of action for orally administered drugs ...
A paradoxical reaction (or paradoxical effect) is an effect of a chemical substance, such as a medical drug, that is opposite to what would usually be expected. An example of a paradoxical reaction is pain caused by a pain relief medication .
Benzodiazepine dependence (BZD dependence) defines a situation in which one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV.
Lorazepam can be made using 2-amino-2′,5-dichlorobenzophenone (a derivative of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone), which is first reacted with hydroxylamine, the obtained product is then reacted with chloroacetyl chloride to give 6-chloro-2-chlormethyl-4-(2′-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-3-oxide, a reaction with methylamine produces ring expansion and rearrangement, which forms 7-chloro-2-methylamino ...