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The term scalar component refers sometimes to scalar projection, as, in Cartesian coordinates, the components of a vector are the scalar projections in the directions of the coordinate axes.
In Cartesian coordinates, the divergence of a continuously differentiable vector field = + + is the scalar-valued function: = = (, , ) (, , ) = + +.. As the name implies, the divergence is a (local) measure of the degree to which vectors in the field diverge.
The projection of a onto b can be decomposed into a direction and a scalar magnitude by writing it as = ^ where is a scalar, called the scalar projection of a onto b, and b̂ is the unit vector in the direction of b. The scalar projection is defined as [2] = ‖ ‖ = ^ where the operator ⋅ denotes a dot product, ‖a‖ is the length of ...
where v x, v y, and v z are the scalar components of v. Scalar components may be positive or negative; the absolute value of a scalar component is its magnitude. Scalar components may be positive or negative; the absolute value of a scalar component is its magnitude.
This matrix equation relates the scalar components of a in the n basis (u,v, and w) with those in the e basis (p, q, and r). Each matrix element c jk is the direction cosine relating n j to e k. [19] The term direction cosine refers to the cosine of the angle between two unit vectors, which is also equal to their dot product. [19] Therefore,
The name "dot product" is derived from the dot operator " · " that is often used to designate this operation; [1] the alternative name "scalar product" emphasizes that the result is a scalar, rather than a vector (as with the vector product in three-dimensional space).
In multivariable calculus, the directional derivative measures the rate at which a function changes in a particular direction at a given point. [citation needed]The directional derivative of a multivariable differentiable (scalar) function along a given vector v at a given point x intuitively represents the instantaneous rate of change of the function, moving through x with a direction ...
When θ is a right angle, the versor is a right versor: its scalar part is zero and its vector part v is a unit vector in . Thus the right versors extend the notion of imaginary units found in the complex plane , where the right versors now range over the 2-sphere S 2 ⊂ R 3 ⊂ H {\displaystyle \mathbb {S} ^{2}\subset \mathbb {R} ^{3}\subset ...