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1340 – In Liège, Belgium, the first blast furnaces for the production of iron are developed [1] 1448 – Johann Gutenberg develops type metal alloy; 1450s – Cristallo, a clear soda-based glass, is invented by Angelo Barovier; 1540 – Vannoccio Biringuccio publishes first systematic book on metallurgy
From a combined iron and steel production of 203 million tons in 1979, US output fell almost in half, to 107 million tons in 1982. Some steel companies declared bankruptcy, and many permanently closed steelmaking plants. By 1989, US combined iron and steel production recovered to 142 million tons, a much lower level than in the 1960s and 1970s.
Graph of US iron and steel production, 1900–2014, data from USGS The US iron and steel industry has paralleled the industry in other countries in technological developments. In the 1800s, the US switched from charcoal to coke in ore smelting, adopted the Bessemer process, and saw the rise of very large integrated steel mills.
The innovation of smelting and casting metals in the Bronze Age started to change the way that cultures developed and interacted with each other. [citation needed] Starting around 5,500 BCE, early smiths began to re-shape native metals of copper and gold, without the use of fire and by using tools and weapons. The heating of copper and its ...
Steel mill with two arc furnaces. Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap.Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes.
The Southwest Review was founded as the Texas Review in 1915 by Stark Young, professor of general literature at the University of Texas at Austin. [2] Jay B. Hubbell, the Southern Methodist University professor who would bring the Review to Dallas in 1924, later reflected on the goals of Young's new journal:
Nov. 23, 1963: Dealey Plaza and the Texas State Book Depository building with crowds on street mourning the assassination of President John F. Kennedy the day after the shooting.
Texas Review Press is a university press affiliated with Sam Houston State University, located in Huntsville, Texas. The press, which was founded in 1979, publishes the Texas Review (a periodical specializing in poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction), as well as various scholarly books and monographs.