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In 1945, the US produced 67% of the world's pig iron, and 72% of the steel. By comparison, 2014 percentages were 2.4% of the pig iron, and 5.3% of the steel production. Although US iron and steel output continued to grow overall through the 1950s and 1960s, the world steel industry grew much faster, and the US share of world production shrank.
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Graph of US iron and steel production, 1900–2014, data from USGS The US iron and steel industry has paralleled the industry in other countries in technological developments. In the 1800s, the US switched from charcoal to coke in ore smelting, adopted the Bessemer process, and saw the rise of very large integrated steel mills.
[5] [8] [9] This process was first described government official Shen Kuo (1031–1095) in 1075, when he visited Cizhou. [7] Hartwell stated that the earliest center where this was practiced was perhaps the great iron-production district along the Henan–Hebei border during the 11th century. [7]
The Southwest Review was founded as the Texas Review in 1915 by Stark Young, professor of general literature at the University of Texas at Austin. [2] Jay B. Hubbell, the Southern Methodist University professor who would bring the Review to Dallas in 1924, later reflected on the goals of Young's new journal:
Why did the Texas committee reclassify the book? Montgomery County Citizens Review Panel For Children, an appointed board, received a request for reconsideration on Sept. 10 and met to review the ...
The innovation of smelting and casting metals in the Bronze Age started to change the way that cultures developed and interacted with each other. [citation needed] Starting around 5,500 BCE, early smiths began to re-shape native metals of copper and gold, without the use of fire and by using tools and weapons. The heating of copper and its ...
Texas Review Press is a university press affiliated with Sam Houston State University, located in Huntsville, Texas. The press, which was founded in 1979, publishes the Texas Review (a periodical specializing in poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction), as well as various scholarly books and monographs.