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Load regulation is the capability to maintain a constant voltage (or current) level on the output channel of a power supply despite changes in the supply's load (such as a change in resistance value connected across the supply output).
In either case, the power wasted in the pass device is very little and almost all the power is transmitted to the load. Thus the efficiency of a switched-mode power supply is remarkably high – in the range of 70–90%. Switched mode regulators rely on pulse-width modulation to control the average value of the output voltage. The average value ...
In electrical engineering, particularly power engineering, voltage regulation is a measure of change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of a component, such as a transmission or distribution line. Voltage regulation describes the ability of a system to provide near constant voltage over a wide range of load ...
A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit; it converts unregulated AC (alternating current) into a constant DC. With the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its function is to supply a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits.
A low line regulation is always preferred. In practice, a well regulated power supply should have a line regulation of at most 0.1%. [1] In the regulator device datasheets the line regulation is expressed as percent change in output with respect to change in input per volt of the output. Mathematically it is expressed as:
The load line diagram at right is for a resistive load in a common emitter circuit. The load line shows how the collector load resistor (R L ) constrains the circuit voltage and current. The diagram also plots the transistor's collector current I C versus collector voltage V CE for different values of base current I base .
An integrated power supply is one that shares a common printed circuit board with its load. An external power supply, AC adapter or power brick, is a power supply located in the load's AC power cord that plugs into a wall outlet; a wall wart is an external supply integrated with the outlet plug itself. These are popular in consumer electronics ...
When the supply voltage is less than about 2 V above the desired output voltage, as is the case in low-voltage microprocessor power supplies, so-called low dropout regulators (LDOs) must be used. When the output regulated voltage must be higher than the available input voltage, no linear regulator will work (not even a low dropout regulator).