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Vedas are called Maṛai or Vaymoli in parts of South India. Marai literally means "hidden, a secret, mystery". Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai mentions a yupa post (a form of Vedic altar) in the Brahmin village. [231] Vedas are recited by these Brahmins, and even their parrots are mentioned in the poem as those who sing the Vedic hymns.
In the Vedas and later sutras, the meaning of the word satya (सत्य) evolves into an ethical concept about truthfulness and is considered an important virtue. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] It means being true and consistent with reality in one's thought, speech and action.
The Vedic period, or the Vedic age (c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (c. 1500 –900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c. 600 BCE.
Manusmriti states: Śrutistu vedo vijñeyaḥ (Devanagari: श्रुतिस्तु वेदो विज्ञेयः) meaning, "Know that Vedas are Śruti". Thus, it includes the four Vedas including its four types of embedded texts—the Samhitas, the Upanishads, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas. [2] [3]
Veda means "knowledge". Johnson states yajus means "(mostly) prose formulae or mantras, contained in the Yajur Veda, which are muttered". [14] Michael Witzel interprets Yajurveda to mean a "knowledge text of prose mantras" used in Vedic rituals. [4] Ralph Griffith interprets the name to mean "knowledge of sacrifice or sacrificial texts and ...
Veda (वेद) — refers to the four sacred Vedic texts. Anta (अंत) — this word means "end". The word Vedanta literally means the end of the Vedas and originally referred to the Upanishads. [12] [13] Vedanta is concerned with the jñānakāṇḍa or knowledge section of the vedas which is called the Upanishads.
The Shudra, states Marvin Davis, are not required to learn the Vedas. They were not dvija or "twice-born", and their occupational sphere stated as service (seva) of the other three varna. [3] [21] The word Dvija is neither found in any Vedas and Upanishads, nor is it found in any Vedanga literature such as the Shrauta-sutras or Grihya-sutras. [58]
The Rigveda is the largest of the four Vedas, and many of its verses appear in the other Vedas. [101] Almost all of the 1875 verses found in Samaveda are taken from different parts of the Rigveda , either once or as repetition, and rewritten in a chant song form.