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Analog delay lines are applied in many types of signal processing circuits; for example the PAL television standard uses an analog delay line to store an entire video scanline. Acoustic and electromechanical delay lines are used to provide a " reverberation " effect in musical instrument amplifiers, or to simulate an echo.
The first example gives the circuit for a 6th order maximally flat delay. Circuit values for z a and z b for a normalized lattice (with z b the dual of z a) were given earlier. However, in this example the alternative version of z b is used, so that an unbalanced alternative can be easily produced. The circuit is
A digital delay line (or simply delay line, also called delay filter) is a discrete element in a digital filter, which allows a signal to be delayed by a number of samples. Delay lines are commonly used to delay audio signals feeding loudspeakers to compensate for the speed of sound in air, and to align video signals with accompanying audio ...
A delay-line oscillator is a form of electronic oscillator that uses a delay line as its principal timing element. The circuit is set to oscillate by inverting the output of the delay line and feeding that signal back to the input of the delay line with appropriate amplification. The simplest style of delay-line oscillator, when properly ...
2.8 GHz superconducting bridged T delay equaliser in YBCO on lanthanum aluminate substrate. Losses in the circuit cause the maximum delay to be reduced, a problem that can be ameliorated with the use of high-temperature superconductors. Such a circuit has been realised as a lumped-element planar implementation in thin-film using microstrip ...
An example of a “waveform corrector” for a coaxial cable section for video frequencies [5] is shown. The shunt impedance Z2 is not shown in detail. It is the dual of Z1, so whereas Z1 contains a series resonant circuit and an R-C ladder network, Z2 contains a shunt resonant circuit and an R-L ladder network. Example of waveform corrector
Basic fixed-threshold comparator and its derivatives - simple time delay relay and cascaded window monitor. To ensure fast turn-off transients, load resistor RL should provide on-state current of at least 5 mA [39] The simplest TL431-based comparator circuit requires a single external resistor to limit I CA at around 5 mA. [39]
The response of this section is identical to the original lattice, albeit with a non-constant-resistance input. This circuit was first used by George Washington Pierce, who needed a delay line as part of the improved sonar he developed between the world wars. Pierce used a cascade of these sections to provide the required delay.