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Remyelination is the process of propagating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form oligodendrocytes to create new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons in the Central nervous system (CNS). This is a process naturally regulated in the body and tends to be very efficient in a healthy CNS. [ 1 ]
The process and mechanistic function of myelinogenesis has traditionally been studied using ultrastructure and biochemical techniques in rat optic nerves. The implementation of this method of study has long allowed for experimental observation of myelinogenesis in a model organism nerve that consists entirely of unmyelinated axons.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a recently discovered bone-marrow-derived cell type. They have characteristic of immature stem cells with immunomodulatory properties.
N-cadherin is expressed in regions of active remyelination and may play an important role in generating a local environment conducive to remyelination. [24] N-cadherin agonists have been identified and observed to stimulate neurite growth and cell migration, key aspects of promoting axon growth and remyelination after injury or disease. [25]
Neurons migrating with this mode of locomotion are bipolar and attach the leading edge of the process to the pia. The soma is then transported to the pial surface by nucleokinesis, a process by which a microtubule "cage" around the nucleus elongates and contracts in association with the centrosome to guide the nucleus to its final destination. [12]
Currently it is unknown what the primary cause of MS is; if MS is a heterogeneous disease, the lesion development process would not be unique. In particular, some PPMS patients having a special clinical course named rapidly progressive multiple sclerosis could have a special genetic cause [ 47 ] and a different development process.
695 12229 Ensembl ENSG00000010671 ENSMUSG00000031264 UniProt Q06187 P35991 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001287345 NM_000061 NM_001287344 NM_013482 RefSeq (protein) NP_000052 NP_001274273 NP_001274274 NP_038510 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 101.35 – 101.39 Mb Chr X: 133.44 – 133.48 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bruton's tyrosine kinase (abbreviated Btk or BTK), also known as ...
While none of them had taken the drug in combination with other disease-modifying treatments, previous use of MS treatments increases the risk of PML between 3 and 4-fold. [36] The estimated prevalence of PML is 1.5 cases per thousand natalizumab users. [36] Around 20% of MS patients with PML die, while most of the remaining are importantly ...