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The civil war ultimately led to Caesar's becoming dictator for life (dictator perpetuo). Caesar had been appointed to a governorship over a region that ranged from southern Gaul to Illyricum . As his term of governorship ended, the Senate ordered him to disband his army and return to Rome.
Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Dictator perpetuo (English: "dictator in perpetuity"), also called dictator in perpetuum, [1] was the office held by Julius Caesar just before the end of his life. He was granted the title between 26 January and 15 February during the year 44 BC, shortly before his assassination on 15 March . [ 2 ]
The veterans of Julius Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize. The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself. End of the Roman Civil War [2] Caesar is named dictator for life. Caesar probably writes his Commentaries in this year.
Caesar, Life of a Colossus — A biography of Julius Caesar written by Adrian Goldsworthy and published in 2006 by Yale University Press. [68] [69] Life of Caesar — A biography of Julius Caesar written in Ancient Greek in the beginning of the 2nd century AD by the Greek moralist Plutarch, as part of his Parallel Lives. [70] [71]
Julius Caesar, accepting the surrender of Vercingetorix, was the final Dictator of the Roman Republic. Caesar held both the Dictatorship and the Tribunate, but alternated between the Consulship and the Proconsulship. [2] His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies. [2]
After a generation, the Republic fell into civil war again in 49 BC between Julius Caesar and Pompey. Despite his victory and appointment as dictator for life, Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Caesar's heir Octavian and lieutenant Mark Antony defeated Caesar's assassins in 42 BC, but they
Suetonius mentions the quote merely as a rumor, as does Plutarch who also reports that Caesar said nothing, but merely pulled his toga over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators. [ 10 ] Caesar saying Et tu, Brute? in Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar (1599) [ 11 ] was not the first time the phrase was used in a dramatic play.