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The Vivekamārtaṇḍa is the only text to use Viparītakaraṇī as a means of yogic withdrawal.Illustrated manuscript of the Joga Pradipika, 1830. Unlike Ashtanga, the eightfold yoga of Patanjali, the Vivekamārtaṇḍa describes a system of six limbs: asana (posture), breath-restraint (which it calls pranasamrodha), pratyahara (withdrawal), dharana (concentration), meditation, and samadhi ...
This is a list of Yoga mudras. In yoga , mudrās are used in conjunction with pranayama (yogic breathing exercises), generally while seated in Padmasana , Ardhasiddhasana , Sukhasana or Vajrasana pose, to stimulate different parts of the body and mind, and to affect the flow of prana in the body.
[1] [2] It presents 6 cleansing methods, 84 asanas, 24 mudras and 8 kumbhakas. [3] The text is illustrated in an 1830 manuscript with 84 paintings of asanas , prepared about a hundred years after the text.
The Gheranda Samhita is a yoga manual, that teaches 32 asanas and 25 mudras among other things. Above a mudra called Guptāsana in verse 2.20 of the text. [ 1 ]
The Dattātreyayogaśāstra is the first text to describe and teach yoga as having three types, namely mantra yoga, laya yoga, and hatha yoga. All three lead to samadhi , the goal of raja yoga . Mantra yoga consists simply of repeating mantras until powers ( siddhis ) are obtained.
Chapter 3 discusses the mudras and their benefits. Chapter 4 deals with meditation and samadhi as a journey of personal spiritual growth. It runs in the line of Hindu yoga (as opposed to the Buddhist and Jain traditions) and is dedicated to The First Lord (Ādi Nātha), one of the names of Lord Śiva (the Hindu god
– Chandogya Upanishad 1.1.1 "The Syllable Om is the bow: one's self, indeed, is the arrow. Brahman is spoken of as the target of that. It is to be hit without making a mistake. Thus one becomes united with it [Brahman] as the arrow becomes one with the target." – Mundaka Upanishad 2.2.4; Katha Upanishad 1.2.15, 1.2.16, 1.2.17
According to George Feuerstein, this kriya yoga is contained in chapter 1, chapter 2 verse 1-27, chapter 3 except verse 54, and chapter 4. [37] The "eight limb yoga" is described in chapter 2 verse 28–55, and chapter 3 verse 3 and 54. [37] [note 3] According to Barbara Miller, Kriya yoga as described in the Yoga Sutras is the "active ...