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Hydraulic fracturing [a] is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum ...
Here, is the overall mass transfer coefficient, which could be determined by empirical correlations, is the surface area for mass transfer (particularly relevant in membrane-based separations), and ˙ is the mass flowrate of bulk fluid (e.g., mass flowrate of air in an application where water vapor is being separated from the air mixture). At ...
Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer by pressurized fluid. Induced hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, commonly known as fracking, is a technique used to release petroleum, natural gas (including shale gas, tight gas and coal seam gas), or other substances for extraction, particularly from unconventional reservoirs. [1]
Fracking is a thirsty -- and thus expensive -- business. In some areas, drilling and fracturing a horizontal well can take more than 5 million gallons of water, costing upwards of $1 million.
Dec. 8—The Permian Basin energy industry is using lots of fresh groundwater for fracking and the question arises if the supply will always be sufficient. Will the aquifers be drained and the ...
OriginOil Names Manufacturer for New Performance-Based Frack Water Cleanup Program Clean Water Technology will manufacture CLEAN-FRAC systems for zero-capital sales program LOS ANGELES--(BUSINESS ...
The Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act (H.R. 1084, S. 587, dubbed as the FRAC Act) was a 2009 legislative proposal in the United States Congress to define hydraulic fracturing as a federally regulated activity under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The proposed act would have required the energy industry to disclose the ...
In thermal fluid dynamics, the Nusselt number (Nu, after Wilhelm Nusselt [1]: 336 ) is the ratio of total heat transfer to conductive heat transfer at a boundary in a fluid. Total heat transfer combines conduction and convection. Convection includes both advection (fluid motion) and diffusion (conduction). The conductive component is measured ...