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Epidural administration: injection into the epidural space of the spinal cord.Epidural, (Greek): situated on or outside the dura mater, from epi- "on top of" + dura mater + -al. Adhesion (Latin) adhēsiōn- for Latin adhaesiōn- (stem of adhaesiō) a clinging, equivalent to adhaes(us), past participle of adhaerēre to adhere + -iōn- -ion.
Arthrofibrosis (from Greek: arthro-joint, fibrosis – scar tissue formation) has been described in most joints like knee, hip, ankle, foot joints, shoulder (frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis), elbow (stiff elbow), wrist, hand joints as well as spinal vertebrae. [1] [2] It can occur after injury or surgery or may arise without an obvious ...
The exact mechanism of action of silicone gel sheeting has not been fully studied. Currently, many proposed mechanisms explain the efficacy of such treatment, including the occlusion and hydration effect, increased body surface temperature, polarized electric charge, immunological effects, etc. [9] The occlusion and hydration effect is the most studied mechanism of action.
There is an association between cigarette smoking, back pain and chronic pain syndromes of all types. [45] [46] [39] [47] [48] In a report of 426 spinal surgery patients in Denmark, smoking was shown to have a negative effect on fusion and overall patient satisfaction, but no measurable influence on the functional outcome. [49]
Tethered spinal cord syndrome may go undiagnosed until adulthood, when sensory, motor, bowel, and bladder control issues emerge. This delayed presentation of symptoms relates to the degree of strain on the spinal cord over time. [4] Tethering may also develop after spinal cord injury. Scar tissue can block the flow of fluids around the spinal cord.
Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
Steps may be taken during surgery to help prevent adhesions such as handling tissues and organs gently, using starch-free and latex-free gloves, not allowing tissues to dry out, and shortening surgery time. [12] An unfortunate fact is, that adhesions are unavoidable in surgery and the main treatment for adhesions is more surgery.
A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the ...