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A crotalus (Spanish: matraca), [1] [2] also known as a crotalum or clapper, is a wooden liturgical rattle or clapper that replaces altar bells during the celebration of the Tridentine Paschal Triduum at the end of Lent in the Catholic Church.
Their sound is rather like a small tuned bell, only with a much brighter sound and a much longer resonance. Similar to tuned finger cymbals, crotales are thicker and larger; they also have slight grooves in them. The name comes from the Greek crotalon, for a castanet or rattle.
Illustration taken from the drawing of an ancient marble in Spon's Miscellanea, [1] representing one of the crotalistriae performing.. In classical antiquity, a crotalum (κρόταλον krotalon) [2] was a kind of clapper or castanet used in religious dances by groups in ancient Greece and elsewhere, including the Korybantes.
Sistrurus species differ from the larger rattlesnakes of the genus Crotalus in a number of ways. They are smaller in size, but also their scalation is different: Sistrurus species have nine large head plates (same as Agkistrodon), whereas in Crotalus (and almost all other viperids), the head is mostly covered with a large number of smaller scales.
A sesheshet-type sistrum, shaped like a naos, Twenty-sixth Dynasty (ca. 580–525 BCE). The sistrum was a sacred instrument in ancient Egypt. Perhaps originating in the worship of Bat, it was used in dances and religious ceremonies, particularly in the worship of the goddess Hathor, with the U-shape of the sistrum's handle and frame seen as resembling the face and horns of the cow goddess. [9]
The generic name Crotalus is derived from the Greek word κρόταλον krótalοn, which means "rattle" or "castanet", and refers to the rattle on the end of the tail, which makes this group (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) so distinctive. [3] As of July 2023, 44 [4] to 53 [5] species are recognized as valid.
A sound hole to create the sound is cut into the sidewall of the horn, along with fingerholes. [89] Artwork showing the instrument shows three or four fingerholes on the top. [90] Three fingerholes and a thumb hole will play an octave. [90] Modern builders have added soundholes. [90] Scottish-English gait horn (goat horn) [89] French
Crotalus tlaloci can be distinguished from similar species of snakes, such as C. triseriatus, by specific scale counts, a proportionately smaller rattle, and a proportionally longer tail. It can also be told apart by a dark narrowing marking near its eye.