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Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but rather as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores (such as sphalerite) and in bauxite. Elemental gallium is a liquid at temperatures greater than 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), and will melt in a person's hands at normal human body temperature of 37.0 °C (98.6 °F).
List of countries by aluminium production: Bauxite [7] Australia Guinea: List of countries by bauxite production: Bismuth [8] China Vietnam: List of countries by bismuth production: Copper [9] Chile Peru: List of countries by copper production: Chromium [10] South Africa Turkey: List of countries by chromium production: Gold [11] China Australia
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
Gallium is not essential for the human body, but its relation to iron(III) allows it to become bound to proteins that transport and store iron. [56] Gallium can also stimulate metabolism. Indium and its heavier homologues have no biological role, although indium salts in small doses, like gallium, can stimulate metabolism. [31]
Gallium trichloride is a common starting reagent for the formation of organogallium compounds, such as in carbogallation reactions. [15] Gallium trichloride reacts with lithium cyclopentadienide in diethyl ether to form the trigonal planar gallium cyclopentadienyl complex GaCp 3. Gallium(I) forms complexes with arene ligands such as ...
Gallium-67 citrate is produced by a cyclotron. Charged particle bombardment of enriched Zn-68 is used to produce gallium-67. The gallium-67 is then complexed with citric acid to form gallium citrate. The half-life of gallium-67 is 78 hours. [47] It decays by electron capture, then emits de-excitation gamma rays that are detected by a gamma camera.
Wafers of single-crystal sapphire are also used in the semiconductor industry as substrates for the growth of devices based on gallium nitride (GaN). The use of sapphire significantly reduces the cost, because it has about one-seventh the cost of germanium. Gallium nitride on sapphire is commonly used in blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). [68]
Gallium-67 (half-life 3.3 days) is a gamma-emitting isotope (the gamma ray emitted immediately after electron capture) used in standard nuclear medical imaging, in procedures usually referred to as gallium scans. It is usually used as the free ion, Ga 3+. It is the longest-lived radioisotope of gallium.