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In some cases, convergence insufficiency can be the underlying cause of difficulty learning to read. As a result of the eyes not converging on the same point for sustained periods of time when reading, words can appear blurry or double because the brain is receiving two different images. Convergence insufficiency is not a learning disability.
Treatment depends on the type of strabismus and the underlying cause. [3] This may include the use of glasses and possibly surgery. [3] Some types benefit from early surgery. [3] Strabismus occurs in about 2% of children. [3] The term comes from the Ancient Greek word στραβισμός (strabismós), meaning 'a squinting'. [6]
Surgery [ edit ] Multifocal intraocular lens implantation is a new possible treatment involving clear lens extraction and multifocal intraocular lens implantation [ 5 ] but it may not be appropriate for patients who have had resistant spasm of accommodation for a long period of time.
Foreign bodies can also be removed by endoscopy, which although requires general anesthesia does not require surgery and significantly decreases recovery time. [19] However, endoscopic foreign body retrieval is anatomically limited to objects lodged in the esophagus, the stomach or the colon. The condition in cattle is known as hardware disease.
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for his age. [ 1 ]
While it is well understood that proper convergence is necessary to prevent diplopia, the functional role of the pupillary constriction remains less clear. Arguably, it may increase the depth of field by reducing the aperture of the eye, and thus reduce the amount of accommodation needed to bring the image in focus on the retina.
There are two ways to record the PFR results, the first being the fusion range (break without recovery) and the other including break and recovery. Follow the examples below for guidance: Fusion range: PFR cc (6m) 8Δ BI → 20Δ BO; PFR sc (1/3m) 16Δ BI → 45Δ BO c diplopia; Break + recovery: PFR sc (6m) -8/6Δ → +20/15Δ c diplopia
It is performed to alleviate pain, and is a salvage procedure, reserved for condition where pain can not be alleviated in any other way. It is common in veterinary surgery. Other names are excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck, Girdlestone's operation, Girdlestone procedure, and femoral head and neck ostectomy. [citation needed]