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Streamlined objects and organisms, like airfoils, streamliners, cars and dolphins are often aesthetically pleasing to the eye. The Streamline Moderne style, a 1930s and 1940s offshoot of Art Deco, brought flowing lines to architecture and design of the era. The canonical example of a streamlined shape is a chicken egg with the blunt end facing ...
These fish also tend to have "flatter" bodies which increase the total lift producing area thus allowing them to "hang" in the air better than more streamlined shapes. [21] As a result of this high lift production, these fish are excellent gliders and are well adapted for maximizing flight distance and duration.
The shape can be modified at the base to smooth out this discontinuity. Both a flat-faced cylinder and a cone are members of the power series. The power series nose shape is generated by rotating the y = R(x/L) n curve about the x-axis for values of n less than 1. The factor n controls the bluntness of the shape.
The rounded shapes of one or both ends of the Sterling Streamliner diners resembled the sloping curved nose of the Burlington Zephyr's streamlined silver locomotive. [ 66 ] [ 67 ] One such Sterling Streamliner with two rounded ends was built in 1940 and installed as the Jimmy Evans Flyer in New Bedford, Massachusetts .
Form drag arises because of the shape of the object. The general size and shape of the body are the most important factors in form drag; bodies with a larger presented cross-section will have a higher drag than thinner bodies; sleek ("streamlined") objects have lower form drag.
Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism, which was a leading design style in Europe at the same time. One reason for the simple designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items, making them affordable to the large European working class. [ 18 ]
Patterns in Nature. Little, Brown & Co. Stewart, Ian (2001). What Shape is a Snowflake? Magical Numbers in Nature. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Patterns from nature (as art) Edmaier, Bernard. Patterns of the Earth. Phaidon Press, 2007. Macnab, Maggie. Design by Nature: Using Universal Forms and Principles in Design. New Riders, 2012. Nakamura, Shigeki.
Concentric objects are often part of the broad category of whorled patterns, which also includes spirals (a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away as it revolves around the point). Geometric properties