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Additive effect often occurs when two similar drugs are taken together to achieve the same degree of therapeutic effect while reducing the specific adverse effect of one particular drug. For example, aspirin, paracetamol, and caffeine are formulated together to treat pain caused by tension headaches and migraine .
Drug Adverse effects Cinchona bark Cinchona pubescens: Warfarin Possible additive effect [3] Chamomile: Blood thinners [23] Devil's Claw: grapple plant, wood spider Harpagophytum: Warfarin Additive effect [3] Ephedra Ephedra: Caffeine, decongestants, stimulants [15] Increases sympathomimetic effect of ephedra [3] Feverfew: featherfew Tanacetum ...
Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) daily over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. [1]
The FDA already banned the use of red dye No. 3 in cosmetics and topical drugs in 1990 under the Delaney Clause after research found the additive to be carcinogenic at high doses for rats in lab ...
Let and be doses of compounds 1 and 2 producing in combination an effect . We denote by D e 1 {\displaystyle D_{e1}} and D e 2 {\displaystyle D_{e2}} the doses of compounds 1 and 2 required to produce effect e {\displaystyle e} alone (assuming this conditions uniquely define them, i.e. that the individual dose-response functions are bijective).
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection).
A classic example of this effect is the interaction between β-lactams, which damage the bacteria cell membrane, and aminoglycosides, which inhibit protein synthesis. [1] The damage dealt to the cell wall by β-lactams allows more aminoglycoside molecules to be taken up into the cell than would otherwise be possible, enhancing cell damage. [ 1 ]
Theophylline has also been marketed in combination with other ephedrine-like sympathomimetics like racephedrine and pseudoephedrine and with other barbiturates such as amobarbital and butabarbital, among other drugs. [15] A combination of theophylline, ephedrine, and hydroxyzine has been marketed under the brand name Marax among others as well.