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Childhood trauma is often linked to various health issues including depression, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, lung cancer, and premature mortality. [5] [7] [10] [11] The effects of childhood trauma on brain development can hinder emotional regulation and impair of social skill [7] development.
Child psychopathology creates stress in parenting which may increase the severity of the psychopathology within the child. [8] Together, these factors push and pull the relationship thus causing higher levels of depression, ADHD, defiant disorder, learning disabilities, and pervasive developmental disorder in both the mother and the child.
Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood can be neurodevelopmental, emotional, or behavioral disorders. These disorders negatively impact the mental and social wellbeing of a child, and children with these disorders require support from their families and schools. Childhood mental disorders often persist into adulthood.
There are links between child emotional dysregulation and later psychopathology. [14] For instance, ADHD symptoms are associated with problems with emotional regulation, motivation, and arousal. [15] One study found a connection between emotional dysregulation at 5 and 10 months, and parent-reported problems with anger and distress at 18 months.
Students with EBD that show externalizing behavior are often diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder,autism spectrum disorder and/or bipolar disorder; however, this population can also include typically developing children that have learned to exhibit externalizing ...
The DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of ADHD is 3–4 times more likely to diagnose ADHD than is the ICD-10 criteria. [212] ADHD is alternately classified as neurodevelopmental disorder [213] or a disruptive behaviour disorder along with ODD, CD, and antisocial personality disorder. [214] A diagnosis does not imply a neurological disorder. [185]
Trauma is defined as an emotional response to an event that threatens physical or emotional harm, or death, and “causes horror, terror, or helplessness at the time it occurs,” according to the ...
The DSM-5 (2013), the current version, also features ICD-9-CM codes, listing them alongside the codes of Chapter V of the ICD-10-CM. On 1 October 2015, the United States health care system officially switched from the ICD-9-CM to the ICD-10-CM. [1] [2] The DSM is the authoritative reference work in diagnosing mental disorders in the world.