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Patient of an intensive care unit of a German hospital (2015) with severe sepsis caused by a chain reaction of incidental negative events after a prior surgery of the abdomen. After an emergency surgery, he received antibiotics , parenteral nutrition and pain killers via automated injection employing infusion pumps (background right).
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
The SOFA scoring system is useful in predicting the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. [8] According to an observational study at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Belgium, the mortality rate is at least 50% when the score is increased, regardless of initial score, in the first 96 hours of admission, 27% to 35% if the score remains unchanged, and less than 27% if the score is reduced. [9]
Symptoms may be vague or non-specific at the extremities of age (i.e. in patients who are very young or old). [1] [11] The most common cause of infection is Escherichia coli, though other bacteria or fungi may sometimes be the cause. [2] Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual intercourse, diabetes, obesity, catheterisation, and family ...
Urosepsis is defined as sepsis caused by a urogenital tract infection and comprises about 25% of all sepsis cases. [18] Urosepsis is the result of a systemic inflammatory response to infection and can be identified by numerous signs and symptoms (e.g. fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, and leukocytosis). [ 18 ]
In patients with sepsis, septic shock, or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome that is due to major trauma, the rs1800625 polymorphism is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism, a part of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) transmembrane receptor gene (of the immunoglobulin superfamily) and confers host susceptibility to ...
In patients with recurrent ascending urinary tract infections, it may be necessary to exclude an anatomical abnormality, such as vesicoureteral reflux or polycystic kidney disease. Investigations used in this setting include kidney ultrasonography or voiding cystourethrography . [ 9 ]
More severe bacteremia can occur following dental procedures or in patients receiving chemotherapy. [17] Finally, Streptococcus bovis is a common cause of bacteremia in patients with colon cancer. [18] Enterococci are an important cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia. These bacteria commonly live in the gastrointestinal tract and female ...