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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), or nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), are highly crystalline, rod-like nanoparticles. [6] [7] They are usually covered by negatively charged groups that render them colloidally stable in water. They are typically shorter than CNFs, with a typical length of 100 to 1000 nanometers. [8]
Cellulose is used to make water-soluble adhesives and binders such as methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose which are used in wallpaper paste. Cellulose is further used to make hydrophilic and highly absorbent sponges. Cellulose is the raw material in the manufacture of nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) which is used in smokeless gunpowder.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum [1] is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH 2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used in its sodium salt form, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. It used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a ...
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [EMIM]Cl is an ionic liquid that can be used in cellulose processing. [1] [2] The cation consists of a five-membered ring with two nitrogen and three carbon atoms, i.e. a derivative of imidazole, with ethyl and methyl groups substituted at the two nitrogen atoms. [3] Its melting point is 77–79 °C. [4]
In chemistry, the molar mass (M) (sometimes called molecular weight or formula weight, but see related quantities for usage) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound. [1] The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of a substance.
A solution of lithium chloride in DMAc (LiCl/DMAc) can dissolve cellulose. Unlike many other cellulose solvents, LiCl/DMAc gives a molecular dispersion, i.e. a "true solution". For this reason, it is used in gel permeation chromatography to determine the molar mass distribution of cellulose samples.
A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. The latter usually have a range of molar masses (unit g mol −1), the distributions of which are indicated by dispersity (Đ). It is defined as the ratio of the mass-average molar mass (M m) to the number-average molar mass (M n) i.e. Đ = M m /M n. [4]
Cellulose acetate film, made from cellulose diacetate and later cellulose triacetate, was introduced in 1934 as a replacement for the cellulose nitrate film stock that had previously been standard. When exposed to heat or moisture, acids in the film base begin to deteriorate to an unusable state, releasing acetic acid with a characteristic ...