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Lactose intolerance is caused by a lessened ability or a complete inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. [1] Humans vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop. [1] Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea. [1] These symptoms typically start thirty minutes ...
Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk. In most mammals, the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning. [1] In some human populations though, lactase persistence has recently evolved [2] as an adaptation to the ...
A hydrogen breath test (or HBT) is used as a diagnostic tool for small intestine bacterial overgrowth and carbohydrate malabsorption, such as lactose, fructose, and sorbitol malabsorption. [1][2] The test is simple, non-invasive, and is performed after a short period of fasting (typically 8–12 hours). [3] Hydrogen breath tests are based on ...
Fructose malabsorption. Fructose malabsorption, formerly named dietary fructose intolerance (DFI), is a digestive disorder [1] in which absorption of fructose is impaired by deficient fructose carriers in the small intestine's enterocytes. This results in an increased concentration of fructose.
Lactose malabsorption can lead to lactose intolerance, which makes a person more likely to have symptoms. With either lactose malabsorption or intolerance, most people can tolerate some lactose ...
Sucrose intolerance. Sucrose intolerance or genetic sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (GSID) is the condition in which sucrase-isomaltase, an enzyme needed for proper metabolism of sucrose (sugar) and starch (e.g., grains), is not produced or the enzyme produced is either partially functional or non-functional in the small intestine.
Fructose malabsorption and lactose intolerance may produce IBS symptoms through the same mechanism, but unlike other FODMAPs, poor absorption of fructose is found in only a minority of people. Lactose intolerance is found in most adults, except for specific geographic populations, notably those of European descent. [20]
Lactase (EC 3.2.1.108) is an enzyme produced by many organisms and is essential to the complete digestion of whole milk. It breaks down the sugar lactose into its component parts, galactose and glucose. Lactase is found in the brush border of the small intestine of humans and other mammals. People deficient in lactase or lacking functional ...