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The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is a behavior rating scale intended to help diagnose autism. CARS was developed by Eric Schopler , Robert J. Reichler , and Barbara Rochen Renner . The scale was designed to help differentiate children with autism from those with other developmental delays, such as intellectual disability .
The Social Responsiveness Scale, developed by John Constantino in 2002 [1] and expanded upon by Constantino et al. in 2003, [2] is a quantitative measure of autistic traits in 4–18 year olds. [3] [4] Its correlation with behaviour problems and autism spectrum disorder symptoms has been studied.
Parents of 1,150 primary school aged children were sent the CAST questionnaire, with 199 responders and 174 taking part in the full data analysis. The results suggested that, compared to other screening tools currently available, the CAST may be useful for identifying children at risk for autism spectrum disorders, in a mainstream non-clinical sample.
Among these measurements, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) are considered the "gold standards" for assessing autistic children. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The ADI-R is a semi-structured parent interview that probes for symptoms of autism by evaluating a child's current behavior and ...
Constantino is best known for developing the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), [2] a diagnostic rating scale used to distinguish autism spectrum disorder from other child psychiatric conditions by identifying the presence and extent of social impairments. [3] The SRS, published in 2005, includes parent-, teacher-, self-, and spouse-report ...
assess autism in children, adolescents, and adults The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ( ADOS ) is a standardized diagnostic test for assessing autism spectrum disorder . The protocol consists of a series of structured and semi-structured tasks that involve social interaction between the examiner and the person under assessment.
The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is a psychological questionnaire that evaluates risk for autism spectrum disorder in children ages 16–30 months. The 20-question test is filled out by the parent, and a follow-up portion is available for children who are classified as medium- to high-risk for autism spectrum disorder.
A further example of how brain structure can influence ASD is looking at cases where the corpus callosum does not fully develop (agenesis of corpus callosum). It was found that autism is commonly diagnosed in children where the corpus callosum does not fully develop (45% of children with agenesis of the corpus callosum). [46]
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