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Blocking SGLT-2 reduces blood glucose by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidney and thereby excreting glucose (i.e., blood sugar) via the urine. [43] [44] [45] Of all the SGLT-2 Inhibitors currently available, empagliflozin has the highest degree of selectivity for SGLT-2 over SGLT-1, SGLT-4, SGLT-5 and SGLT-6. [46]
The most common side effects include urinary infections, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infections . [5] [6] The most serious side effects include ketoacidosis (high blood levels of acids called ‘ketoacids’), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), hypersensitivity (allergic reactions) and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar levels).
Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for use in the United States. It was approved in March 2013, under the brand name Invokana and it was also marketed throughout the European Union under the same name. [26] [27] Dapagliflozin, (brand name Forxiga), was approved by the EU in 2012, the first SGLT2 inhibitor approved ...
A new study says that type 2 diabetes medications GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors may help lower a stroke survivor’s risk of experiencing a subsequent stroke, heart attack, or death ...
SGLT-2 inhibitors—with brand names like Jardiance and Farxiga—are fundamentally different from GLP-1 agonists like popular weight-loss and diabetes drugs Wegovy and Ozempic, which increase ...
Adverse effects [ edit ] To reduce the risk of developing ketoacidosis (a serious condition where the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones) after surgery, the FDA has approved changes to the prescribing information for SGLT2 inhibitor diabetes medications, recommending they be temporarily stopped before scheduled surgery.
GLP-1 analogs resulted in weight loss and had more gastrointestinal side-effects, while in general dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were weight-neutral and are associated with increased risk for infection and headache. Both classes appear to present an alternative to other antidiabetic drugs.
They act by inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), and are therefore also called SGLT-2 inhibitors. The efficacy of the drug is dependent on renal excretion and prevents glucose from going into blood circulation by promoting glucosuria. The mechanism of action is insulin independent.
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