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Interphase is the process through which a cell must go before mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis. [15] Interphase consists of three main phases: G 1, S, and G 2. G 1 is a time of growth for the cell where specialized cellular functions occur in order to prepare the cell for DNA replication. [16]
The identical sister chromatids have not yet condensed into the densely packaged chromosomes visible with the light microscope. This will take place during prophase I in meiosis. Growth 2 (G 2) phase: G 2 phase as seen before mitosis is not present in meiosis. Meiotic prophase corresponds most closely to the G 2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
Prophase II of meiosis is very similar to prophase of mitosis. The most noticeable difference is that prophase II occurs with a haploid number of chromosomes as opposed to the diploid number in mitotic prophase. [12] [10] In both animal and plant cells chromosomes may de-condense during telophase I requiring them to re-condense in prophase II.
This process results in each gamete usually containing a mixture of chromosomes from both original parents. Improper chromosome segregation (see non-disjunction, disomy) can result in aneuploid gametes having either too few or too many chromosomes. The second stage at which segregation occurs during meiosis is prophase II (see meiosis diagram ...
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 December 2024. Process in which chromosomes are replicated and separated into two new identical nuclei For the type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms used to produce gametes, see Meiosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called ...
G 2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G 2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes.