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Icons, being images of Christian holy people such as Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints, to Byzantine Christians were more than representations; they were believed to possess holy power that affected people's daily lives [29] While many Byzantines worshiped icons many opposed the icons because they tested the authorities of the emperor.
Surviving fragment of the Piri Reis map. The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis. Approximately one third of the map survives, housed in the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul. After the empire's 1517 conquest of Egypt, Piri Reis presented the 1513 world map to Ottoman Sultan Selim I (r. 1512 ...
Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century, [ 3 ] a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone . [ 4 ]
Map of 1720 showing the interior kingdoms of peninsular Spain during the Ancient Regime. Map of 1841, made by J. Archer, showing for Spain the territorial division of Floridablanca of 1785. [2] Philip V created, taking as a base the pre-existing provinces created by the Austrias, the institution of the intendancies. Although it is true that ...
The architecture of Istanbul describes a large mixture of structures which reflect the many influences that have made an indelible mark in all districts of the city. The ancient part of the city (the historic peninsula) is still partially surrounded by the Walls of Constantinople , erected in the 5th century by Emperor Theodosius II to protect ...
The Gangnido ("Map of Integrated Lands and Regions of Historical Countries and Capitals (of China)") [34] is a world map and historical map of China, made in Korea in 1402, although extant copies, all in Japan, were created much later.
Map of Byzantine Constantinople with the hills names in brown. The seven hills, all located in the area within the walls, first appeared when the valleys of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus were opened up during the Secondary and Tertiary periods.