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A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment. [1]
The National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) was a comprehensive study conducted to track the educational, vocational, and personal development of high school seniors who graduated in 1972. NLS-72 was implemented by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), a division of the U.S. Department of Education.
Online learning, or virtual classes offered over the internet, is contrasted with traditional courses taken in a brick-and-mortar school building. It is a development in distance education that expanded in the 1990s with the spread of the commercial Internet and the World Wide Web .
Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, [1] [2] or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. [3]
Case–control study versus cohort on a timeline. "OR" stands for "odds ratio" and "RR" stands for "relative risk". A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals ( cohorts ) who differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a ...
This approach combines self-study with asynchronous interactions to promote learning, and it can be used to facilitate learning in traditional on-campus education, distance education, and continuing education. This combined network of learners and the electronic network in which they communicate are referred to as an asynchronous learning network.
The National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) are a set of surveys sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor. [1] These surveys have gathered information at multiple points in time on the labor market experiences and other significant life events of several groups of men and women. [ 2 ]
Synchronous communication in distance education began long before the advent of the use of computers in synchronous learning. After the very early days of distance education, when students and instructors communicated asynchronously via the post office, synchronous forms of communication in distance education emerged with broadcast radio and television. [6]