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For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped. If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj - j = Gruda (place in MM). Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj - aj = Lek(ë).
A Slavic name suffix is a common way of forming patronymics, family names, and pet names in the Slavic languages. Many, if not most, Slavic last names are formed by adding possessive and other suffixes to given names and other words. Most Slavic surnames have suffixes which are found in varying degrees over the different nations.
After incorporation of Azerbaijan into the Soviet Union, it became obligatory to register their surnames and to add a Russian suffix such as -yev or -ov for men and -yeva or -ova for women. [7] Since the majority did not have official surnames, the problem was resolved by adopting the name of the father and adding the mentioned suffixes.
Male surnames ending with -a, -o, -ski a -cki are inflected by suffixes -ina/-yna, (Andricki - Andryccyna). Addressing with a suffix -ka (Urbanka) are considered unwritten. Inflected surnames of unmarried women with male surnames ending with a consonant and with -ka or -ca forms a suffix -ec (Kral – Kralec, Čornak – Čornakec).
Latvian male surnames usually end in -s, -š or -is whereas the female versions of the same names end in -a or -e or s in both unmarried and married women. Before the emancipation from serfdom (1817 in Courland , 1819 in Vidzeme , 1861 in Latgale ) only noblemen, free craftsmen or people living in towns had surnames.
The two suffixes are often combined, most commonly as -ović (-овић). Other, less common suffices are -alj (-аљ)/ olj (ољ)/ elj (ељ), -ija (-ија), -ica (-ица), -ar (-ар)/ ac (ац)/ an (ан). When marrying, the woman most often adopts her husband's family name, though she can also keep both of her last names or not change her ...
Related: A List You'll Be Sure to Liebe—Here Are 50 German Last Names and Their Meanings! 38. Miyamoto. Means "one who lives near the shrine." 39. Ikeda. Means "rice paddy near the lake."
If the male surname is a masculine adjective (ending in -ý), the female surname is simply the feminine equivalent. Thus, a girl whose father's surname is Novotný would have the surname Novotná. If the male surname is a noun, the female surname takes the suffix-ová, making it a feminine adjective: Novák becomes Nováková