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Map 3 for article "Syria". Syria (and Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and Assyria) in detail. For an index to the names, see below. It would be helpful if someone could add colour to the map (specifically, the oceans, rivers, and lakes), to clarify it/ improve the aesthetic.
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The geography of Mesopotamia, encompassing its ethnology and history, centered on the two great rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates.While the southern is flat and marshy, the near approach of the two rivers to one another, at a spot where the undulating plateau of the north sinks suddenly into the Babylonian alluvium, tends to separate them still more ...
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Tigris river flows through Mosul, near the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, which is a major settlement and hosts farmland in Upper Mesopotamia. The name al-Jazira has been used since the 7th century AD by Islamic sources to refer to the northern section of Mesopotamia, [citation needed] while the Lower Mesopotamia, also known as Sawād, is the southern part of Mesopotamia.
Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul A statue of the god Kidudu, guardian spirit of the wall of the city of Ashur. Circa 835 BC. From Ashur, Iraq. The British Museum, London A map of Assyria A relief of Ashurnasirpal II, with an official. In the Neo-Assyrian Empire (912–605 BC), the royal residence was transferred to other Assyrian cities.
The city of Aššur and Nineveh (modern-day Mosul), which was the oldest and largest city of the ancient Assyrian empire, [11] together with a number of other Assyrian cities, seem to have been established by 2600 BC. However it is likely that they were initially Sumerian-dominated administrative centres.
Syria, [a] also known as Greater Syria or Syria-Palestine, [2] is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. [3] The region boundaries have changed throughout history. However, in modern times, the term "Syria" alone is used to refer to the Syrian Arab Republic.
In the Old Assyrian period, when Assyria was merely a city-state centered on the city of Assur, the state was typically referred to as ālu Aššur ("city of Ashur"). From the time of its rise as a territorial state in the 14th century BC and onward, Assyria was referred to in official documents as māt Aššur ("land of Ashur"), marking its shift to being a regional polity.