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The Prussian-led North German Confederation (1866-1871) subsequently morphed into a modern nation state, the German Reich, which was ruled by emperors from 1871 to the collapse of all German monarchies in 1918. The President of Germany replaced the monarch in 1919.
The president of Germany (German: Reichspräsident, lit. 'president of the Reich') was the head of state under the Weimar Constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945, encompassing the periods of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.
The chancellor of Germany [1] is the political leader of Germany and the head of the federal government. The office holder is responsible for selecting all other members of the government and chairing cabinet meetings. [2] The office was created in the North German Confederation in 1867, [3] when Otto von Bismarck became the first chancellor.
The Weimar Constitution of August 1919 created the office of President of the Reich (German: Reichspräsident). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, the office was left vacant, with Adolf Hitler becoming head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler (retroactively approved by a referendum ).
Gustav Adolf Bauer (listen ⓘ; 6 January 1870 – 16 September 1944) was a German Social Democratic Party leader and the chancellor of Germany from June 1919 to March 1920. . Prior to that, he was minister of labour in the last cabinet of the German Empire and during most of the German Revolution that preceded the formal establishment of the Weimar Republ
The 1919 German presidential election (Reichspräsidentenwahl) was the first election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichspräsident), Germany's head of state during the 1919−1933 Weimar Republic. The constitution that stipulated a direct popular vote was not completed before 11 August 1919.
In the days leading up to Germany's surrender in World War I, the revolution of 1918–1919 broke out and led to the collapse of the German Empire.The Council of the People's Deputies – the revolutionary interim government made up of three members from the Majority Social Democratic Party (SPD) and three from the more radical Independent Social Democrats (USPD) – wanted a popularly elected ...
The German revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution (German: Novemberrevolution), was an uprising started by workers and soldiers in the final days of World War I. It quickly and almost bloodlessly brought down the German Empire , then, in its more violent second stage, the supporters of a parliamentary republic were ...