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Generalised geological map of Mars [1] Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology.
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.The surface of Mars is orange-red because it is covered in iron(III) oxide dust, giving it the nickname "the Red Planet". [22] [23] Mars is among the brightest objects in Earth's sky, and its high-contrast albedo features have made it a common subject for telescope viewing.
In addition, since most Earth-based amateur telescopes are not powerful enough to resolve the topographic surface features of Mars, amateur astronomers still use many of the old feature-names to orient themselves and record their observations. Mars albedo features after the 1958 official list of names, but before the 1972 observations of Mariner 9.
The surface appearance of some regions of Mars is due to how this unit has degraded. It is a major cause of the surface appearance of lobate debris aprons . [ 56 ] The layering of the upper plains mantling unit and other mantling units are believed to be caused by major changes in the planet's climate.
Cydonia (/ s ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə /, / s aɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə /) is a region on the planet Mars that has attracted both scientific [1] and popular interest. [2] [3] The name originally referred to the albedo feature (distinctively coloured area) that was visible from earthbound telescopes. The area borders the plains of Acidalia Planitia and the ...
The study of surface characteristics (or surface properties and processes [1]) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface. The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces.
A telescopic view of Mars at full phase, featuring its prominent maria and south polar ice cap. In planetary geology, an albedo feature is a large area on the surface of a planet (or other Solar System body) which shows a contrast in brightness or darkness with adjacent areas.
Earth-based telescopes equipped with charge-coupled devices can produce useful images of Mars, allowing for regular monitoring of the planet's weather during oppositions. [ 93 ] X-ray emission from Mars was first observed by astronomers in 2001 using the Chandra X-ray Observatory , and in 2003 it was shown to have two components.