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There are also French-speaking communities in Manitoba and Ontario, where francophones are about 4 percent of the population, [4] and smaller communities (about 1 to 2 percent of the population) in Alberta, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Saskatchewan. [4] Many of these communities are supported by French-language institutions.
The present public French-language elementary and secondary school system originates from education reforms implemented by the province in 1968. [7] French-language rights for resident elementary and secondary school students in Ontario are afforded through the provincial Education Act and Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Francophone Canadians or French-speaking Canadians are citizens of Canada who speak French, and sometimes refers only to those who speak it as their first language.In 2021, 10,669,575 people in Canada or 29.2% of the total population spoke French, including 7,651,360 people or 20.8% who declared French as their mother tongue.
French is the city's official language. [26] [27] In 2021, 85.7% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 90.2% could speak it in the metropolitan area. [28] [29] Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 58.5% of the population able to speak both French and English. [30]
Spoken by 12% of the EU population, French is the second most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union, after German; it is also the third most widely known language of the Union, after English and German (33% of the EU population report to know how to speak English, whilst 22% of Europeans understand German and 20% French). [18] [117]
Anglophones made up approximately 40% of the city's population in 1861, but 16% in 1901. [35] Before the Royal Military College of Canada was established in 1876, the only French-speaking officer training school was the Quebec City School of Military Instruction, founded in 1864. [36] The school was retained at Confederation, in 1867.
The table below lists the 100 largest census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) in Canada by population, using data from the 2021 Canadian census for census subdivisions. [1] This list includes only the population within a census subdivision's boundaries as defined at the time of the census.
In the 2011 Census, 6,102,210 people (78.1% of the population) recorded French as their sole native language and 6,249,085 (80.0%) recorded that they spoke French most often at home. [229] People with English as their native language, called Anglo-Quebecers, constitute the second largest linguistic group in Quebec.