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  2. Goat grazing problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_grazing_problem

    Find the area between a circle and its involute over an angle of 2 π to −2 π excluding any overlap. In Cartesian coordinates, the equation of the involute is transcendental; doing a line integral there is hardly feasible. A more felicitous approach is to use polar coordinates (z,θ).

  3. Clone tool - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clone_tool

    Of these, patch-based texture synthesis or "image quilting" is essentially an automated application of the clone tool, choosing the optimal source area so as to patch over with a minimal seam. In some cases, the undesired object is mixed with the remainder of the image, and a simple circular brush, even with feathering, would not work. For ...

  4. Involute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute

    In mathematics, an involute (also known as an evolvent) is a particular type of curve that is dependent on another shape or curve. An involute of a curve is the locus of a point on a piece of taut string as the string is either unwrapped from or wrapped around the curve. [1] The evolute of an involute is the original curve.

  5. Shoelace formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoelace_formula

    Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]

  6. List of gear nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gear_nomenclature

    Form diameter is the diameter of a circle at which the trochoid (fillet curve) produced by the tooling intersects, or joins, the involute or specified profile. Although these terms are not preferred, it is also known as the true involute form diameter (TIF), start of involute diameter (SOI), or when undercut exists, as the undercut diameter.

  7. File:Archimedean-involute-circle-spirals-comparison.svg

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archimedean-involute...

    The Archimedean spiral is shown in red, and corresponds to the values 0 ≤ θ ≤ 8π of the angle parameter, while the Involute of the circle is shown in black, and corresponds to the values 0 ≤ θ ≤ 17π/2 of the angle parameter. The x-axis extends from -25 to +28 and the y-axis from -26.4 to +23.4, and there are tick marks at -20, -10 ...

  8. Tractrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractrix

    The area between the tractrix and its asymptote is ⁠ π a 2 / 2 ⁠, which can be found using integration or Mamikon's theorem. The envelope of the normals of the tractrix (that is, the evolute of the tractrix) is the catenary (or chain curve ) given by y = a cosh ⁠ x / a ⁠ .

  9. Instant centre of rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_centre_of_rotation

    Sketch 1: Instantaneous center P of a moving plane. The instant center of rotation (also known as instantaneous velocity center, [1] instantaneous center, or pole of planar displacement) of a body undergoing planar movement is a point that has zero velocity at a particular instant of time.