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  2. Bioindicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioindicator

    Caddisfly (order Trichoptera), a macroinvertebrate used as an indicator of water quality. [1] A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment. The most common indicator species are animals. [2]

  3. Marine microorganisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_microorganisms

    Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe ) is any microscopic living organism or virus , which is invisibly small to the unaided human eye without magnification .

  4. Aquatic macroinvertebrates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_macroinvertebrates

    Aquatic macroinvertebrates are insects in their nymph and larval stages, snails, worms, crayfish, and clams that spend at least part of their lives in water. These insects play a large role in freshwater ecosystems by recycling nutrients as well as providing food to higher trophic levels.

  5. Aquatic biomonitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_biomonitoring

    Species specific - It can be difficult to draw comparisons between results unless the same indicator organism has been used in each study, as every species has an individual niche and associated ideal conditions. Even similar species (as defined by either taxonomy or niche) may have different reactions and different thresholds for change.

  6. Biotic index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotic_index

    Numerous biotic indices have been created to account for the indicator species found in each region of study. The concept of the biotic index was developed by Cherie Stephens in an effort to provide a simple measurement of stream pollution and its effects on the biology of the stream. [citation needed]

  7. Global Paleoclimate Indicators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Paleoclimate_Indicators

    Species living in subtropical and subpolar waters decrease in test size with both increasing and decreasing temperature. [ 1 ] The proloculus (the first chamber) sizes of benthic forams are affected by sea water temperature and their mean has been used as proxy for paleoclimatic investigations.

  8. Benthic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_zone

    Benthic organisms can be divided into two categories based on whether they make their home on the ocean floor or a few centimeters into the ocean floor. Those living on the surface of the ocean floor are known as epifauna. [13] Those who live burrowed into the ocean floor are known as infauna. [10]

  9. Marine life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_life

    Marine life, sea life or ocean life is the collective ecological communities that encompass all aquatic animals, plants, algae, fungi, protists, single-celled microorganisms and associated viruses living in the saline water of marine habitats, either the sea water of marginal seas and oceans, or the brackish water of coastal wetlands, lagoons ...