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On the left is a fully connected neural network with two hidden layers. On the right is the same network after applying dropout. Dilution and dropout (also called DropConnect [1]) are regularization techniques for reducing overfitting in artificial neural networks by preventing complex co-adaptations on training data.
Inception v2 was released in 2015, in a paper that is more famous for proposing batch normalization. [7] [8] It had 13.6 million parameters.It improves on Inception v1 by adding batch normalization, and removing dropout and local response normalization which they found became unnecessary when batch normalization is used.
The Latent Diffusion Model (LDM) [1] is a diffusion model architecture developed by the CompVis (Computer Vision & Learning) [2] group at LMU Munich. [3]Introduced in 2015, diffusion models (DMs) are trained with the objective of removing successive applications of noise (commonly Gaussian) on training images.
Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. [3] It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyTorch, a port of the library to Python. [4] [5] [6]
This smoothness may be enforced explicitly, by fixing the number of parameters in the model, or by augmenting the cost function as in Tikhonov regularization. Tikhonov regularization, along with principal component regression and many other regularization schemes, fall under the umbrella of spectral regularization, regularization characterized ...
[1] [6] In particular, the mean converges to the same estimator yielded by kernel regression with the NTK as kernel and zero ridge regularization, and the covariance is expressible in terms of the NTK and the initial GP covariance. It can be shown that the ensemble variance vanishes at the training points (in other words, the neural network ...
Furthermore, batch normalization seems to have a regularizing effect such that the network improves its generalization properties, and it is thus unnecessary to use dropout to mitigate overfitting. It has also been observed that the network becomes more robust to different initialization schemes and learning rates while using batch normalization.
A regularization term (or regularizer) () is added to a loss function: = ((),) + where is an underlying loss function that describes the cost of predicting () when the label is , such as the square loss or hinge loss; and is a parameter which controls the importance of the regularization term.