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Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods [1] [2] [3] and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.
Usually an educational objective relates to gaining an ability, a skill, some knowledge, a new attitude etc. rather than having merely completed a given task. Since the achievement of objectives usually takes place during the course and the aims look forward into the student's career and life beyond the course one can expect the aims of a ...
It is also argued that SoTL has become too broad in definition and is conflated with non-evidenced based teaching interventions and innovations. [23] Macfarlane claims SoTL damages the reputation of educational research, reinforcing a long-standing notion that educational research is of lower status compared to discipline-based research.
In order for teaching to become more research-based, he suggested, educational research would require a "radical change" and teachers would have to become more involved in the creation and application of research. [11] Following that lecture, English policy makers in education tried to bring theory and practice closer together.
Spady coined the term outcome-based education in 1988 as an extension of the works completed by John Franklin Bobbitt and Ralph W. Tyler. [6] In his conceptualization, Spady described OBE as the reorientation in educational system towards what is essential for all students to be successful at the end of their learning experiences. [7]
George Weber, and later Ronald Edmonds, conducted research in inner-city U.S. schools where students of low socio-economic background were able to equal or surpass the national average. Edmonds' 1979 article "Effective Schools for the Urban Poor" is noted for drawing professional attention to the effective schools movement.
Research (primarily centered on school and job performance outcomes) has shown that goal orientation is linked to outcomes and performance. [ 20 ] [ 26 ] [ 82 ] When examining research on learning environments and curriculum design, one could argue that there is a significant alignment with mastery orientation and ideal learning environments.
Education sciences, [1] also known as education studies, education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, [2] seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education , educational research , instructional theory , curriculum theory and psychology , philosophy , sociology ...