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The urea breath test is a rapid diagnostic procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium implicated in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and peptic ulcer disease. It is based upon the ability of H. pylori to convert urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Rapid urease test, also known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test), is a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. [1] The basis of the test is the ability of H. pylori to secrete the urease enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Hydrogen breath tests are based on the fact that there is no source for hydrogen gas in humans other than bacterial metabolism of carbohydrates. [4] Even though the test is normally known as a "hydrogen" breath test, some physicians may also test for methane in addition to hydrogen. Many studies have shown that some patients (approximately 35% ...
H. pylori serologic testing, including IgG antibodies, are not recommended as a test of eradication as they may remain elevated for years after successful treatment of infection. [135] An endoscopic biopsy is an invasive means to test for H. pylori infection. Low-level infections can be missed by biopsy, so multiple samples are recommended.
Investigation for H. pylori is not usually needed. [42] The current gold standard for diagnosis of GERD is esophageal pH monitoring. It is the most objective test to diagnose the reflux disease and allows monitoring GERD patients in their response to medical or surgical treatment.
H. pylori can be diagnosed by testing the blood for antibodies, a urea breath test, testing the stool for signs of the bacteria, or a biopsy of the stomach. [1] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include stomach cancer, coronary heart disease, and inflammation of the stomach lining or gallbladder inflammation. [1]
The presence of Helicobacter pylori (in peptic ulcer disease) can be tested for with the urea breath test. Exhaled nitric oxide is a breath test that might signal airway inflammation such as in asthma. Breath tests for diseases have been developed for early detection of lung cancer, breast cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and many others, to ...
Bacterial overgrowth may cause false-positive H. pylori test results due to the change in pH from urease activity. [11] Small bowel bacterial overgrowth is a chronic condition. Retreatment may be necessary once every 1–6 months. [12] Prudent use of antibacterials now calls for an antimicrobial stewardship policy to manage antibiotic ...