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Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate [2]) was a historical Bulgar [3] [4] [5] state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.
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Volga Bulgaria was a buffer state between Europe and the Muslim world and played a major part in the trade between Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages from the 10th century onward, and slaves were one of the main goods.
Before the Mongol invasion, the Volga Bulgaria did not know stone tombstones with inscriptions. In any case, no such monuments were revealed. Archaeologist E.A. Khalikova, who studied the regional Muslim monuments of the XI-XII centuries, notes that "there are still no pronounced traces of tombstones on the graves".
The territory of the Bulgar Ulus of the Golden Horde on the map Territory of the Golden Horde on the map. The Bulgar Ulus [1] (also the Bulgar Land, [2] the Bulgar Region, [3] the Bulgar Oblast, [4] the Bulgar Vilayat [5]) was an administrative unit (ulus) of the Golden Horde on the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria with its center in the city of Bolgar, which existed in the first half of ...
In the Middle Ages, the Volga trade route connected Northern Europe and Northwestern Russia with the Caspian Sea and the Sasanian Empire, via the Volga River. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Rus used this route to trade with Muslim countries on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, sometimes penetrating as far as Baghdad .
The Khanate of Kazan [a] was a Tatar state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.
Bolghar (Russian: Болгарское городище) was intermittently the capital of Volga Bulgaria from the 10th to the 13th centuries, along with Bilyar and Nur-Suvar. It was situated on the bank of the Volga River, about 30 km downstream from its confluence with the Kama River and some 130 km from modern Kazan in what is now Spassky ...