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Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. [5] Cyclohexyl (C 6 H 11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is ...
A cyclohexane molecule in chair conformation. Hydrogen atoms in axial positions are shown in red, while those in equatorial positions are in blue. Cyclohexane conformations are any of several three-dimensional shapes adopted by molecules of cyclohexane. Because many compounds feature structurally similar six-membered rings, the structure and ...
An important factor in the antiperiplanar conformer is the interaction between molecular orbitals. Anti-periplanar geometry will put a bonding orbital and an anti-bonding orbital approximately parallel to each other, or syn-periplanar.
Conformational isomerism. Rotation about single bond of butane to interconvert one conformation to another. The gauche conformation on the right is a conformer, while the eclipsed conformation on the left is a transition state between conformers. Above: Newman projection; below: depiction of spatial orientation.
Cyclohexene is most stable in a half-chair conformation, [11] unlike the preference for a chair form of cyclohexane. One basis for the cyclohexane conformational preference for a chair is that it allows each bond of the ring to adopt a staggered conformation. For cyclohexene, however, the alkene is planar, equivalent to an eclipsed conformation ...
Hückel's rule. Benzene, the most widely recognized aromatic compound with six delocalized π-electrons (4 n + 2, for n = 1). In organic chemistry, Hückel's rule predicts that a planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties if it has 4 n + 2 π-electrons, where n is a non-negative integer. The quantum mechanical basis for its formulation ...
Visualizing a Fischer projection. In chemistry, the Fischer projection, devised by Emil Fischer in 1891, is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection. Fischer projections were originally proposed for the depiction of carbohydrates and used by chemists, particularly in organic chemistry and biochemistry.
Simple aromatic rings, also known as simple arenes or simple aromatics, are aromatic organic compounds that consist only of a conjugated planar ring system. Many simple aromatic rings have trivial names. They are usually found as substructures of more complex molecules (" substituted aromatics"). Typical simple aromatic compounds are benzene ...