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  2. Regulation of gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_gene_expression

    Gene regulation works using operators and repressors in bacteria. Gene Regulation can be summarized by the response of the respective system: Inducible systems - An inducible system is off unless there is the presence of some molecule (called an inducer) that allows for gene expression. The molecule is said to "induce expression".

  3. Regulatory sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_sequence

    Methylated cytosines within CpG sequences often occur in groups, called CpG islands. About 59% of promoter sequences have a CpG island while only about 6% of enhancer sequences have a CpG island. [16] CpG islands constitute regulatory sequences, since if CpG islands are methylated in the promoter of a gene this can reduce or silence gene ...

  4. Transcriptional regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation

    Positive control elements that bind to DNA and incite higher levels of transcription. [3] While these means of transcriptional regulation also exist in eukaryotes, the transcriptional landscape is significantly more complicated both by the number of proteins involved as well as by the presence of introns and the packaging of DNA into histones.

  5. Silencer (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silencer_(genetics)

    There are several differences in the regulation of metabolic control in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes. Prokaryotes vary the numbers of specific enzymes made in their cells in order to regulate gene expression, which is slow metabolic control, and also regulate enzymatic pathways through mechanisms such as feedback inhibition and allosteric ...

  6. TATA box - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TATA_box

    The TATA box is the binding site of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and other transcription factors in some eukaryotic genes. Gene transcription by RNA polymerase II depends on the regulation of the core promoter by long-range regulatory elements such as enhancers and silencers. [5]

  7. Three prime untranslated region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_prime_untranslated...

    In addition to sequences within the 3′-UTR, the physical characteristics of the region, including its length and secondary structure, contribute to translation regulation. These diverse mechanisms of gene regulation ensure that the correct genes are expressed in the correct cells at the appropriate times.

  8. Gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression

    In eukaryotes, transcription is performed in the nucleus by three types of RNA polymerases, each of which needs a special DNA sequence called the promoter and a set of DNA-binding proteins—transcription factors—to initiate the process (see regulation of transcription below).

  9. Gene structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_structure

    Much of gene structure is broadly similar between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These common elements largely result from the shared ancestry of cellular life in organisms over 2 billion years ago. [3] Key differences in gene structure between eukaryotes and prokaryotes reflect their divergent transcription and translation machinery.